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Online Habitats and the Violation of Women’s and Girls’ Rights and Human Dignity: A Reflection on Cyber Discrimination
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Mohammad Mehdi Seyed Nasseri *    |
| PhD in International Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Dubai, UAE. |
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Abstract: (480 Views) |
In today’s world, human life is remarkably different from the past, shaped by the profound influence of technology and its advancements. Gender equality lies at the core of human rights and the values of the United Nations, leading to the prohibition of gender-based discrimination in nearly every human rights treaty. This principle can be broadly extended to new domains, such as cyberspace. However, the digital environment is not as free and democratic as it could be, particularly for women and girls, where this lack of freedom manifests inversely. Although freedom of expression is safeguarded under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in many parts of the world, women cannot exercise this right without fear due to discriminatory actions by states and societies or the inability of governments to promote access and provide support for women and girls at various levels. This research, employing an analytical and descriptive methodology based on library data, seeks to address the primary question: Do women enjoy equal rights and opportunities in cyberspace as men? If not, what forms of discrimination are imposed upon them in the absence of a safe cyber environment? Given the nature of the study, it is essential to note that the research has revealed a tangible form of discrimination in the digital space against women and girls, manifested as a daily phenomenon of violence, particularly as “invisible violence.” The findings indicate that virtual discrimination against women and girls is often rooted in male-centered laws and policies. This issue is more pronounced in patriarchal and, especially, religion-oriented societies. Ultimately, in light of the hypotheses and findings, it must be acknowledged that not only are women and girls subjected to discrimination in cyberspace, but this discrimination can also extend into various domains, including physical violence. In some countries, such practices are even legally supported, while in others, there is no such protection at all. |
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Full-Text [PDF 1007 kb]
(53 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Received: 2024/08/26 | Accepted: 2024/12/18 | Published: 2024/12/21
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